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Exponential growth is a process that increases quantity over time at an ever-increasing rate. It occurs when the instantaneous rate of change (that is, the derivative) of a quantity with respect to time is proportional to the quantity itself. Described as a function, a quantity undergoing exponential growth is an exponential function of time ...
A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve ( sigmoid curve) with the equation. where. , the value of the function's midpoint; , the supremum of the values of the function; , the logistic growth rate or steepness of the curve. [1] Standard logistic function where. For values of in the domain of real numbers from to , the S ...
In logistic populations however, the intrinsic growth rate, also known as intrinsic rate of increase (r) is the relevant growth constant. Since generations of reproduction in a geometric population do not overlap (e.g. reproduce once a year) but do in an exponential population, geometric and exponential populations are usually considered to be ...
Other models suggest exponential growth, logistic growth, or other functions. Queuing theory. Another example of hyperbolic growth can be found in queueing theory: the average waiting time of randomly arriving customers grows hyperbolically as a function of the average load ratio of the server. The singularity in this case occurs when the ...
Gompertz function. The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a type of mathematical model for a time series, named after Benjamin Gompertz (1779–1865). It is a sigmoid function which describes growth as being slowest at the start and end of a given time period. The right-side or future value asymptote of the function is approached much more ...
As resources become more limited, the growth rate tapers off, and eventually, once growth rates are at the carrying capacity of the environment, the population size will taper off. This S-shaped curve observed in logistic growth is a more accurate model than exponential growth for observing real-life population growth of organisms.
Logistic map. The logistic map is a polynomial mapping (equivalently, recurrence relation) of degree 2, often referred to as an archetypal example of how complex, chaotic behaviour can arise from very simple nonlinear dynamical equations.
Here x is the size of the population at a given time, r is inherent per-capita growth rate, and K is the carrying capacity. Two species. Given two populations, x 1 and x 2, with logistic dynamics, the Lotka–Volterra formulation adds an additional term to account for the species' interactions. Thus the competitive Lotka–Volterra equations are: