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  2. Systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory

    Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems; it can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology. Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties ...

  3. Systems thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_thinking

    Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. [1] [2] It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, [3] enabling systems change. [4] [5] Systems thinking draws on and ...

  4. System of systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_systems

    System of systems is a collection of task-oriented or dedicated systems that pool their resources and capabilities together to create a new, more complex system which offers more functionality and performance than simply the sum of the constituent systems. Currently, systems of systems is a critical research discipline for which frames of ...

  5. Critical systems thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_systems_thinking

    Critical systems thinking. Critical systems thinking (CST) is a systems approach designed to aid decision-makers, and other stakeholders, improve complex problem situations that cross departmental and, often, organizational boundaries. CST sees systems thinking as essential to managing multidimensional 'messes' in which technical, economic ...

  6. Systems management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_management

    e. Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed systems including (and commonly in practice) computer systems. [citation needed] Systems management is strongly influenced by network management initiatives in telecommunications. The application performance management (APM) technologies are now a subset of Systems ...

  7. List of types of systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_systems...

    Nonlinear stochastic systems theory (also see: stochastic modeling). General system approach; O. Operating systems theory (also see: operating system) Open systems theory (also see: open system) P. Pattern language was first conceived by Christoper Alexander and has many similarities with systems thinking. It too is a way of describing how ...

  8. Systems science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_science

    Systems Science, also referred to as systems research, [1] or, simply, systems, [2] is a transdisciplinary [3] field that is concerned with understanding simple and complex systems in nature and society, which leads to the advancements of formal, natural, social, and applied attributions throughout engineering, technology and science, itself.

  9. Evolution of management systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Evolution_of_Management_Systems

    Evolution of management systems. This article outlines the evolution of management systems. A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives. After World War II, the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak.