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Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or " star -forming regions", collapse and form stars. [1] As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to ...
Ordinary (baryonic) matter (4.9%) Dark matter (26.8%) Dark energy (68.3%) [6] The observable universe is a ball-shaped region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time; the electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach ...
San Francisco is in the Pacific Time zone, and Richmond is in the Eastern Time zone, which are three hours apart, so the local clocks in each city show that the Sun sets at about the same time when using the local time zone. But a phone call from Richmond to San Francisco at sunset will reveal that there are still three hours of daylight left ...
In astronomy, the main sequence is a classification of stars which appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness as a continuous and distinctive band. Stars on this band are known as main-sequence stars or dwarf stars, and positions of stars on and off the band are believed to indicate their physical properties, as well as their progress ...
Flare. Prominence. Solar wind. A radiation zone, or radiative region is a layer of a star's interior where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of radiative diffusion and thermal conduction, rather than by convection. [1] Energy travels through the radiation zone in the form of electromagnetic radiation as photons .
Stellar structure. Cross-section of the Sun. Stellar structure models describe the internal structure of a star in detail and make predictions about the luminosity, the color and the future evolution of the star. Different classes and ages of stars have different internal structures, reflecting their elemental makeup and energy transport ...
The habitability of F-type main-sequence star (or yellow-white dwarf) systems is disputed due to the shorter lifetimes (3-8 Gyrs as opposed to 9-15 Gyrs for G stars) and higher levels of UV radiation. Indeed, F0 stars (7,400 K, 1.6 M ☉︎, 1.7 R ☉︎, ~7 L ☉︎) are considered by many scientists as the hottest and most massive stars ...
Jupiter's swirling clouds, in a true-color image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in April 2017 [1] The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane ...