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The Pennsylvania Dutch live primarily in the Delaware Valley and in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, a large area that includes South Central Pennsylvania, in the area stretching in an arc from Bethlehem and Allentown in the Lehigh Valley westward through Reading, Lebanon, and Lancaster to York and Chambersburg.
Hessians (US: / ˈhɛʃənz / or UK: / ˈhɛsiənz /) [1] were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army in several major wars in the 18th century, most notably the American Revolutionary War. [2][3] The term is a synecdoche for all Germans who fought on the British side, since 65% came from the German states of Hesse-Kassel ...
Germans in the American Revolution. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben was a Prussian army captain who became an American general. As the inspector general of George Washington's Continental Army he taught the essentials of military drill and discipline. People of German ancestry fought on both sides in the American Revolution.
Pennsylvania Dutch is mainly derived from Palatine German, spoken by 2,400,000 Germans in the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, a region almost identical to the historical Palatinate. [11] There are similarities between the German dialect that is still spoken in this small part of southwestern Germany and Pennsylvania Dutch.
Many Pennsylvania Dutchmen are descendants of Palatines who settled the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. [6] The Pennsylvania Dutch language, spoken by the Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch in the United States, is derived primarily from the Palatine German language which many Mennonite refugees brought to Pennsylvania in the years 1717 to 1732. [65]
German-Americans were the largest ethnic contingent to fight for the Union in the American Civil War [citation needed]. More than 200,000 native-born Germans, along with another 250,000 1st-generation German-Americans, served in the Union Army, notably from New York, Wisconsin, and Ohio. Several thousand also fought for the Confederacy.
The sentiments against the Palatine settlers, commonly referred to as the Pennsylvania Dutch (or Pennsylvania Germans), were deeply rooted in cultural biases and economic competition. Anglo-Americans in the Pennsylvania Colony viewed the Palatines with suspicion and often derided their language, customs, and religious practices.
The Pennsylvania Dutch Country (Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsylvanie Deitschland), or Pennsylvania Dutchland, [4][5] is a region of German Pennsylvania spanning the Delaware Valley and South Central and Northeastern regions of Pennsylvania. By the American Revolution in the 18th century, the region had a high percentage of Pennsylvania Dutch ...