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Global debt refers to the total amount of money owed by all sectors, including governments, businesses, and households worldwide. [1] As of 2022, global debt was the equivalent of 305 trillion USD. This including debt by both public and private debtors. [2] The total external debt owed by public and private debtors to creditors in other ...
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
Government debt is typically measured as the gross debt of the general government sector that is in the form of liabilities that are debt instruments. [2]: 207 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and ...
External debt measures an economy's obligations to make future payments and, therefore, is an indicator of a country's vulnerability to solvency and liquidity problems. [1]: xi–xii Another useful indicator is the net external debt position, which equals gross external debt minus external assets in the form of debt instruments. [1]: 1–2 A ...
Debt-to-GDP measures the financial leverage of an economy. [citation needed]One of the Euro convergence criteria was that government debt-to-GDP should be below 60%. [4]The World Bank and the IMF hold that "a country can be said to achieve external debt sustainability if it can meet its current and future external debt service obligations in full, without recourse to debt rescheduling or the ...
This is a list of countries by estimated future gross [clarification needed] central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP.
The list of sovereign debt crises involves the inability of independent countries to meet its liabilities as they become due. These include: A sovereign default, where a government suspends debt repayments. A debt restructuring plan, where the government agrees with other countries, or unilaterally reduces its debt repayments.