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2. Omnidirectional antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna

   Omnidirectional antenna. In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which radiates equal radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis (azimuthal directions), with power varying with angle to the axis (elevation angle), declining to zero on the axis. [1][2] When graphed in three dimensions (see graph) this ...

3. Antenna types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_types

   The three simple antenna types are all typically (but not necessarily) used on frequencies where they self-resonate. [a] "Simple" antennas are also used as building-blocks for the more complicated antenna types, such as composite antennas. Simple antennas are usually further subdivided into. Linear antennas.

4. Inverted-F antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted-F_antenna

   A planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is used for wireless circuitry implemented in microstrip.The microstrip format is the format of choice for modern RF electronics. It can be used to implement required distributed-element RF components such as filters, while at the same time being economical because the same mass production methods are used as for printed circuit boards.

5. History of smart antennas - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smart_antennas

   The first smart antennas were developed for military communications and intelligence gathering. The growth of cellular telephone in the 1980s attracted interest in commercial applications. The upgrade to digital radio technology in the mobile phone, indoor wireless network, and satellite broadcasting industries created new opportunities for ...

6. Hidden node problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_node_problem

   Since nodes using directional antennas are nearly invisible to nodes that are not positioned in the direction the antenna is aimed at, directional antennas should be used only for very small networks (e.g., dedicated point-to-point connections). Use omnidirectional antennas for widespread networks consisting of more than two nodes.

7. Antenna (radio) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)

   Antenna (radio) In radio engineering, an antenna (American English) or aerial (British English) is an electronic device that converts an alternating electric current into radio waves, or radio waves into an electric current. [1][2] It is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors ...