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A tax file number ( TFN) is a unique identifier issued by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to each taxpaying entity—an individual, company, superannuation fund, partnership, or trust. [1] Not all individuals have a TFN, and a business has both a TFN and an Australian Business Number (ABN). [2] [1] If a business earns income as part of ...
Mersenne Twister. The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto [ ja] (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1] [2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length.
A pseudorandom number generator ( PRNG ), also known as a deterministic random bit generator ( DRBG ), [1] is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers. The PRNG-generated sequence is not truly random, because it is completely determined by an initial value ...
The Inaccessible Island rail ( Laterallus rogersi) is a bird found only on Inaccessible Island in the South Atlantic Tristan archipelago. This rail, the smallest extant flightless bird, was described by physician Percy Lowe in 1923. The adult has brown plumage, a black bill, black feet, and red eyes. It occupies most habitats on the island ...
The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,950,048, granted on August 23, 1960. [1]
The second row is the same generator with a seed of 3, which produces a cycle of length 2. Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation.
Time in Angola. a The islands of Cape Verde are to the west of the African mainland. b Mauritius and the Seychelles are to the east and north-east of Madagascar respectively. All of Angola uses UTC+01:00 ( West Africa Time ), [1] and has never observed Daylight saving time .
The history of East Africa has been divided into its prehistory, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. East Africa is the eastern region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Sahara Desert.