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Beta blocker. Skeletal formula of propranolol, the first clinically successful beta blocker. Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention). [1]
The discovery of β-blockers reaches back to more than 100 years ago, when early investigators came up with the idea that catecholamines were binding selectively to receptor-like structures and that this was the cause of their pharmacological actions. [3] In 1948, Raymond P. Ahlquist published a seminal paper concluding his findings, that there ...
Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. [2] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, [2] [3] [4] as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. [2]
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. [3] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. [4] [5] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.
Beta-blockers, which slow down the heart and reduce the force of its contractions. Ace Inhibitors, which block the formation of Angiotensin II, a chemical that causes blood vessels to constrict ...
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, [1] causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors. In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to ...
Beta blockers are the first-line treatment for patients with acute and chronic aortic dissection. In acute dissection, fast-acting agents can be given intravenously and have doses that are easier to adjust (such as esmolol , propranolol , or labetalol ) is preferred.
Bisoprolol. Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [ 7 ] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [ 7 ] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [ 7 ][ 8 ] It is taken by mouth. [ 7 ]