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The virtual value chain, created by John Sviokla and Jeffrey Rayport, [8] is a business model describing the dissemination of value-generating information services throughout an Extended Enterprise. This value chain begins with the content supplied by the provider, which is then distributed and supported by the information infrastructure ...
Extended enterprise. An extended enterprise is a loosely coupled, self-organizing network of firms that combine their economic output to provide products and services offerings to the market. Firms in the extended enterprise may operate independently, for example, through market mechanisms, or cooperatively through agreements and contracts.
Extended cost. In accounting, an extended cost is the unit cost multiplied by the number of those items that were purchased. For example, four apples purchased at a unit cost of $1 have an extended cost of $4 (=$1 × 4 apples). [1] By accurately tracking extended cost, a business can make more informed decisions about pricing, purchasing, and ...
Agricultural value chain. An agricultural value chain is the integrated range of goods and services (value chain) necessary for an agricultural product to move from the producer to the final consumer. The concept has been used since the beginning of the millennium, primarily by those working in agricultural development in developing countries ...
Global value chains are a network of production and trade across countries. The study of global value chains requires inevitably a trade theory that can treat input trade. However, mainstream trade theories (Heckshcer-Ohlin-Samuelson model and New trade theory and New new trade theory) are only concerned with final goods.
Value network analysis (VNA) is a methodology for understanding, using, visualizing, optimizing internal and external value networks and complex economic ecosystems. [1][2] The methods include visualizing sets of relationships from a dynamic whole systems perspective. Robust network analysis approaches are used for understanding value ...
t. e. Supply and demand stacked in a conceptual chain. A supply chain is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them [ 1 ] to end consumers [ 2 ] or end customers. [ 3 ] Meanwhile, supply chain management deals with the flow of goods in distribution channels within ...
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a strategy to add all of the estimated environmental costs associated with a product throughout the product life cycle to the market price of that product, contemporarily mainly applied in the field of waste management. [1] Such societal costs are typically externalities to market mechanisms, with a ...