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  2. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    In linguistics, immediate constituent analysis or IC analysis is a method of sentence analysis that was proposed by Wilhelm Wundt and named by Leonard Bloomfield. The process reached a full-blown strategy for analyzing sentence structure in the distributionalist works of Zellig Harris and Charles F. Hockett, [1] and in glossematics by Knud ...

  3. Lexical density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_density

    The lexical density is the proportion of content words (lexical items) in a given discourse. It can be measured either as the ratio of lexical items to total number of words, or as the ratio of lexical items to the number of higher structural items in the sentences (for example, clauses). [2] [3] A lexical item is typically the real content and ...

  4. Salinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity

    Salinity ( / səˈlɪnɪti /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity ). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the ...

  5. Discourse analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis

    Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis ( discourse , writing, conversation, communicative event ) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences , propositions , speech , or ...

  6. Dendroclimatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendroclimatology

    Dendroclimatology is the science of determining past climates from trees (primarily properties of the annual tree rings ). Tree rings are wider when conditions favor growth, narrower when times are difficult. Other properties of the annual rings, such as maximum latewood density (MXD) have been shown to be better proxies than simple ring width.

  7. Spectral density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_density

    The power spectral density (PSD) of the signal describes the power present in the signal as a function of frequency, per unit frequency. Power spectral density is commonly expressed in watts per hertz (W/Hz). When a signal is defined in terms only of a voltage, for instance, there is no unique power associated with the stated amplitude.

  8. Density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density

    Density ( volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume ...

  9. Density of states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_states

    e. In condensed matter physics, the density of states ( DOS) of a system describes the number of allowed modes or states per unit energy range. The density of states is defined as , where is the number of states in the system of volume whose energies lie in the range from to . It is mathematically represented as a distribution by a probability ...