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ILR scale. The Interagency Language Roundtable scale is a set of descriptions of abilities to communicate in a language. It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States 's Federal-level service. It was originally developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR), which included representation by United States ...
DEFCON. The defense readiness condition ( DEFCON) is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces. [1] [2] For security reasons, the US military does not announce a DEFCON level to the public. [1] The DEFCON system was developed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and unified and specified combatant commands. [3]
Website. ielts .org. International English Language Testing System ( IELTS / ˈaɪ.ɛlts /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989.
978-1-250-10781-7. Website. Gapminder: Factfulness (the book) Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think is a 2018 book by Swedish physician, professor of international health at Karolinska Institute [1] and statistician Hans Rosling with his son Ola Rosling and daughter-in-law Anna Rosling ...
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
Standard English. In an English-speaking country, Standard English ( SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc. [1] All linguistic features are ...
Literacy. v. t. e. Literacy is the ability to read and write. Broadly, literacy may be viewed as "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" [1] with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. [2]
The International General Certificate of Secondary Education ( IGCSE) is an English language based secondary qualification similar to the GCSE and is recognised in the United Kingdom as being equivalent to the GCSE for the purposes of recognising prior attainment. [1] It was developed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.