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Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen. [2] He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers ...
The stepped reckoner or Leibniz calculator was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (started in 1673, when he presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London [2] and completed in 1694). [1] The name comes from the translation of the German term for its operating mechanism, Staffelwalze ...
This picture shows clockwise from top left: An Arithmometer, a Comptometer, a Dalton adding machine, a Sundstrand, and an Odhner Arithmometer. A mechanical calculator, or calculating machine, is a mechanical device used to perform the basic operations of arithmetic automatically, or (historically) a simulation such as an analog computer or a ...
In 1642, in an effort to ease his father's endless, exhausting calculations, and recalculations, of taxes owed and paid (into which work the young Pascal had been recruited), Pascal, not yet 19, constructed a mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction, called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline.
Slide calculator. A slide calculator, also known as an Addiator after the best-known brand, is a mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction, once made by Addiator Gesellschaft of Berlin, Germany. Variants of it were manufactured from 1920 until 1982. The devices were made obsolete by the electronic calculator.
A calendrical calculation is a calculation concerning calendar dates. Calendrical calculations can be considered an area of applied mathematics. Some examples of calendrical calculations: Converting a Julian or Gregorian calendar date to its Julian day number and vice versa (see § Julian day number calculation within that article for details ...
The Curta was conceived by Curt Herzstark in the 1930s in Vienna, Austria.By 1938, he had filed a key patent, covering his complemented stepped drum. [3] [4] This single drum replaced the multiple drums, typically around 10 or so, of contemporary calculators, and it enabled not only addition, but subtraction through nines complement math, essentially subtracting by adding.
Pascal's calculator could add and subtract two numbers directly and thus, if the tedium could be borne, multiply and divide by repetition. Schickard's machine, constructed several decades earlier, used a clever set of mechanised multiplication tables to ease the process of multiplication and division with the adding machine as a means of ...