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Miriam Budiardjo. Miriam Budiardjo (20 November 1923, Kediri – 8 January 2007, Jakarta) was an Indonesian political scientist and diplomat. Budiardjo was Deputy Chair of the Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights, and she has been credited with co-founding the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Indonesia, of which she was ...
Media literacy. Media literacy is an expanded conceptualization of literacy that includes the ability to access and analyze media messages as well as create, reflect and take action, using the power of information and communication to make a difference in the world. [1] Media literacy is not restricted to one medium [2] and is understood as a ...
Media culture, with its declinations of advertising and public relations, is often considered as a system centered on the manipulation of the mass of society. [5] Corporate media "are used primarily to represent and reproduce dominant ideologies." [6] Prominent in the development of this perspective has been the work of Theodor Adorno since the ...
v. t. e. Alternative media are media sources that differ from established or dominant types of media (such as mainstream media or mass media) in terms of their content, production, or distribution. [1] Sometimes the term independent media is used as a synonym, indicating independence from large media corporations, but generally independent ...
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but mostly from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and ...
In the 1970s, some scholars in communications studies, such as Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Jeremy Tunstall and Elihu Katz, advanced a "media imperialism" perspective.This theory posits that there is an "iniquitous flow of cultural production from the First to the Third World, whereby the media of advanced capitalist economies were able to substantially influence, if not actually determine, the nature ...
Gender disparity in media careers. Numbers of women in media professions such as journalism are growing: as of 2018 in the United States, 41.7% of the newsroom employees were women; [6] the proportion of women journalists in online-only news organizations even reached 47.8%. However, the media is and has been statistically dominated by men, who ...
Mainstream media. In journalism, mainstream media ( MSM) is a term and abbreviation used to refer collectively to the various large mass news media that influence many people and both reflect and shape prevailing currents of thought. [1] The term is used to contrast with alternative media . The term is often used for large news conglomerates ...