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A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. [1] For many molecules, the sharing of ...
The covalent bond classification (CBC) method, also referred to as LXZ notation, is a way of describing covalent compounds such as organometallic complexes in a way that is not prone to limitations resulting from the definition of oxidation state. [1] Instead of simply assigning a charge (oxidation state) to an atom in the molecule, the ...
A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond with a significant ionic character. This means that the two shared electrons are closer to one of the atoms than the other, creating an imbalance of charge. Such bonds occur between two atoms with moderately different electronegativities and give rise to dipole–dipole interactions. The ...
Coordinate covalent bond. In coordination chemistry, a coordinate covalent bond, [1] also known as a dative bond, [2] dipolar bond, [1] or coordinate bond [3] is a kind of two-center, two-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom. The bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction. [4]
Sigma bond. σ bond between two atoms: localization of electron density. In chemistry, sigma bonds ( σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. [1] They are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals. Sigma bonding is most simply defined for diatomic molecules using the language and tools of symmetry groups.
Peptide bond. In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 ( carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 ( nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain. [1]
Network covalent bonding. A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) [1] [2] is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a network solid there are no individual molecules, and ...
For example, a bond between two s-orbital electrons is a sigma bond, because two spheres are always coaxial. In terms of bond order, single bonds have one sigma bond, double bonds consist of one sigma bond and one pi bond, and triple bonds contain one sigma bond and two pi bonds. However, the atomic orbitals for bonding may be hybrids.