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Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title. An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopaedia (British English) [1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [2][3 ...
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) [ 1 ] is a terminal degree, that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times ...
Moral foundations theory is a social psychological theory intended to explain the origins of and variation in human moral reasoning on the basis of innate, modular foundations. [1][2][3][4] It was first proposed by the psychologists Jonathan Haidt, Craig Joseph, and Jesse Graham, building on the work of cultural anthropologist Richard Shweder. [5]
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that people could be cured by making their unconscious a conscious thought and motivations, and by that gaining "insight". The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious.
The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang 's development from observations and theoretical considerations. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. The theory itself was originally formalised by Father Georges Lemaître in 1927. [1]
The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively. [ 1 ] Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its ...
The Big Bang theory, which explains the Evolution of the Universe from a hot and dense state, is widely accepted by physicists. In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. [1 ...