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Computer science. Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [1] [2] [3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software ).
An operating system ( OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs . Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and ...
A central processing unit ( CPU ), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the most important processor in a given computer. [1] [2] Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. [3] [4] [5] This role contrasts with ...
Quantum computing. Quantum System One, a quantum computer by IBM from 2019 with 20 superconducting qubits [1] A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. On small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior using specialized hardware.
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. [1] A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems ...
A single-board computer ( SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor (s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer. Single-board computers are commonly made as demonstration or development systems, for educational systems, or for use as embedded computer controllers.
Penetration test. A penetration test, colloquially known as a pentest, is an authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system; [1] this is not to be confused with a vulnerability assessment. [2] The test is performed to identify weaknesses (or vulnerabilities ), including the potential for ...
Information science. Information technology ( IT) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, and data and information processing, and storage. [1] IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). [2] An information technology system ( IT system) is generally an information ...