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  2. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention...

    The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of July 2024, 169 States and the European Union are parties. [4] The convention resulted from the third ...

  3. Law of the sea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Sea

    Law of the sea. Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo Grotius is one of the earliest works on law of the sea. Law of the sea (or ocean law) is a body of international law governing the rights and duties of states in maritime environments. [1] It concerns matters such as navigational rights, sea mineral claims, and coastal waters jurisdiction.

  4. List of parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the...

    The Agreement has been ratified by 152 parties (all of which are parties to the Convention), which includes 151 states (148 United Nations member states plus the UN Observer state Palestine, as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and the European Union. [3] An additional three UN member states (Egypt, Sudan, USA) have signed, but not ratified ...

  5. Mare Liberum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Free_Sea

    21552312. Mare Liberum (or The Freedom of the Seas) is a book in Latin on international law written by the Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius, first published in 1609. In The Free Sea, Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all nations were free to use it for seafaring trade.

  6. Equidistance principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidistance_principle

    Equidistance principle. The equidistance principle, or principle of equidistance, is a legal concept in maritime boundary claims that a nation's maritime boundaries should conform to a median line that is equidistant from the shores of neighboring nations. The concept was developed in the process of settling disputes in which the borders of ...

  7. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tribunal_for...

    The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is an intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It was established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on December 10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on ...

  8. Customary international law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customary_international_law

    Customary international law are international obligations arising from established or usual international practices, which are less formal customary expectations of behavior often unwritten as opposed to formal written treaties or conventions. [1][2] Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom ...

  9. International humanitarian law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_humanitarian_law

    International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello). [1] [2] It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting persons who are not participating in hostilities and by restricting and regulating the means and methods of warfare available to combatants.