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The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function 's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear ...
Intuitive (geometric) explanation. Differentiation is linear. The product rule. The chain rule. The inverse function rule. Power laws, polynomials, quotients, and reciprocals. The polynomial or elementary power rule. The reciprocal rule. The quotient rule.
For other stencil configurations and derivative orders, the Finite Difference Coefficients Calculator is a tool that can be used to generate derivative approximation methods for any stencil with any derivative order (provided a solution exists). Higher derivatives. Using Newton's difference quotient,
Automatic differentiation. In mathematics and computer algebra, automatic differentiation ( auto-differentiation, autodiff, or AD ), also called algorithmic differentiation, computational differentiation, [1] [2] is a set of techniques to evaluate the partial derivative of a function specified by a computer program.
For this reason, the derivative is sometimes called the slope of the function f.: 61–63 Here is a particular example, the derivative of the squaring function at the input 3. Let f(x) = x 2 be the squaring function. The derivative f′(x) of a curve at a point is the slope of the line tangent to that curve at that point. This slope is ...
Calculus. In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. [1] It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus —the study of the area beneath a curve. [2]
The total derivative is a linear combination of linear functionals and hence is itself a linear functional. The evaluation measures how much points in the direction determined by at , and this direction is the gradient. This point of view makes the total derivative an instance of the exterior derivative .
f ′ ( x) A function f of x, differentiated once in Lagrange's notation. One of the most common modern notations for differentiation is named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, even though it was actually invented by Euler and just popularized by the former. In Lagrange's notation, a prime mark denotes a derivative.