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As the number of compounding periods tends to infinity in continuous compounding, the continuous compound interest rate is referred to as the force of interest . For any continuously differentiable accumulation function a(t), the force of interest, or more generally the logarithmic or continuously compounded return , is a function of time as ...
Continuous-repayment mortgage. The effect of earning 20% annual interest on an initial $1,000 investment at various compounding frequencies. Analogous to continuous compounding, a continuous annuity [1] is an ordinary annuity in which the payment interval is narrowed indefinitely. A (theoretical) continuous repayment mortgage is a mortgage loan ...
Merton's portfolio problem. Merton's portfolio problem is a problem in continuous-time finance and in particular intertemporal portfolio choice. An investor must choose how much to consume and must allocate their wealth between stocks and a risk-free asset so as to maximize expected utility.
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criterion, from some set of available alternatives. [1] [2] It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization.
Time value of money. The present value of $1,000, 100 years into the future. Curves represent constant discount rates of 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The time value of money is the widely accepted conjecture that there is greater benefit to receiving a sum of money now rather than an identical sum later.
Exponential decay. A quantity undergoing exponential decay. Larger decay constants make the quantity vanish much more rapidly. This plot shows decay for decay constant ( λ) of 25, 5, 1, 1/5, and 1/25 for x from 0 to 5. A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, used extensively in economics as well as in logic, systems science and computer science. [2] Traditional game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or ...
Ho–Lee model. In financial mathematics, the Ho-Lee model is a short-rate model widely used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives, and in modeling future interest rates. [1] : 381 It was developed in 1986 by Thomas Ho [2] and Sang Bin Lee.