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  2. Differential calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calculus

    The graph of a function, drawn in black, and a tangent line to that function, drawn in red. The slope of the tangent line equals the derivative of the function at the marked point. In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. [1] It is one of the two traditional divisions of ...

  3. Differential of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_of_a_function

    e. In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential is defined by where is the derivative of f with respect to , and is an additional real variable (so that is a function of and ). The notation is such that the equation.

  4. Chain rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_rule

    t. e. In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions f and g in terms of the derivatives of f and g. More precisely, if is the function such that for every x, then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation, or, equivalently, The chain rule may also be expressed in ...

  5. Exact differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_differential_equation

    Definition. Given a simply connected and open subset D of and two functions I and J which are continuous on D, an implicit first-order ordinary differential equation of the form. is called an exact differential equation if there exists a continuously differentiable function F, called the potential function, [1][2] so that.

  6. Differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_equation

    An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is an equation containing an unknown function of one real or complex variable x, its derivatives, and some given functions of x. The unknown function is generally represented by a variable (often denoted y), which, therefore, depends on x. Thus x is often called the independent variable of the equation.

  7. Differentiation rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_rules

    Elementary rules of differentiation. Unless otherwise stated, all functions are functions of real numbers (R) that return real values; although more generally, the formulae below apply wherever they are well defined [1][2] — including the case of complex numbers (C). [3]

  8. Exterior derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior_derivative

    Definition. The exterior derivative of a differential form of degree k (also differential k -form, or just k -form for brevity here) is a differential form of degree k + 1. If f is a smooth function (a 0 -form), then the exterior derivative of f is the differential of f . That is, df is the unique 1 -form such that for every smooth vector field ...

  9. Linear differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_differential_equation

    In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives, that is an equation of the form + ′ + ″ + () = where a 0 (x), ..., a n (x) and b(x) are arbitrary differentiable functions that do not need to be linear, and y′, ..., y (n) are the successive derivatives of an unknown function y of ...

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