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Deviance (statistics) In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood.
Censoring (statistics) In statistics, censoring is a condition in which the value of a measurement or observation is only partially known. For example, suppose a study is conducted to measure the impact of a drug on mortality rate. In such a study, it may be known that an individual's age at death is at least 75 years (but may be more).
Relative change. In any quantitative science, the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value. [1] The comparison is expressed as a ratio and is a unitless number.
The discrepancy function is a continuous function of the elements of S, the sample covariance matrix, and Σ (θ), the "reproduced" estimate of S obtained by using the parameter estimates and the structural model. In order for "maximum likelihood" to meet the first criterion, it is used in a revised form as the deviance .
Amortization calculator. An amortization calculator is used to determine the periodic payment amount due on a loan (typically a mortgage ), based on the amortization process. The amortization repayment model factors varying amounts of both interest and principal into every installment, though the total amount of each payment is the same.
This formula is valid only if the eight values with which we began form the complete population. If the values instead were a random sample drawn from some large parent population (for example, they were 8 students randomly and independently chosen from a class of 2 million), then one divides by 7 (which is n − 1) instead of 8 (which is n) in the denominator of the last formula, and the ...
Query optimization. Query optimization is a feature of many relational database management systems and other databases such as NoSQL and graph databases. The query optimizer attempts to determine the most efficient way to execute a given query by considering the possible query plans. [1]
Average true range. Average true range ( ATR) is a technical analysis volatility indicator originally developed by J. Welles Wilder, Jr. for commodities. [1] [2] The indicator does not provide an indication of price trend, simply the degree of price volatility. [3] The average true range is an N-period smoothed moving average (SMMA) of the true ...