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Given an r-sample statistic, one can create an n-sample statistic by something similar to bootstrapping (taking the average of the statistic over all subsamples of size r). This procedure is known to have certain good properties and the result is a U-statistic. The sample mean and sample variance are of this form, for r = 1 and r = 2.
Plus–minus sign. The plus–minus sign, ±, is a symbol with multiple meanings: In mathematics, it generally indicates a choice of exactly two possible values, one of which is obtained through addition and the other through subtraction. In statistics and experimental sciences, the sign commonly indicates the confidence interval or uncertainty ...
The study of real, quadratic algebras shows the distinction between types of quadratic forms. The product zz* is a quadratic form for each of the complex numbers, split-complex numbers, and dual numbers. For z = x + ε y, the dual number form is x 2 which is a degenerate quadratic form. The split-complex case is an isotropic form, and the ...
An example of Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing (or null hypothesis statistical significance testing) can be made by a change to the radioactive suitcase example. If the "suitcase" is actually a shielded container for the transportation of radioactive material, then a test might be used to select among three hypotheses: no radioactive source ...
The p -value is used in the context of null hypothesis testing in order to quantify the statistical significance of a result, the result being the observed value of the chosen statistic . [note 2] The lower the p -value is, the lower the probability of getting that result if the null hypothesis were true. A result is said to be statistically ...
Hess Triangle. Today, the Hess Triangle stands as a symbol of individual resistance against bureaucratic might. Visitors might miss it, but locals who seek out this unassuming monument reflect on ...
In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol . Given two linearly independent vectors a and b, the cross product, a × b ...
Big Mac. The world's most popular hamburger tastes even better homemade. Just stack the ingredients in the right order and don't forget the special sauce. Don't be afraid to add other components ...