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  2. Informal economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_economy

    Informal economy: Haircut on a sidewalk in Vietnam. An informal economy (informal sector or grey economy) [1][2] is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Although the informal sector makes up a significant portion of the economies in developing countries, it is sometimes stigmatized as ...

  3. Economic sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sociology

    Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a contemporary one, known as "new economic sociology". The classical period was concerned particularly with modernity and its constituent aspects, including rationalisation, secularisation ...

  4. Black market - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market

    A black market in Shinbashi in 1946. Illegal street traders in Barcelona in 2015. A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is not compliant with an institutional set of rules. If the rule defines the set of goods and services whose production ...

  5. Gini coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient

    In economics, the Gini coefficient (/ ˈdʒiːni / JEE-nee), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality [ 3 ] within a nation or a social group. It was developed by Italian statistician and sociologist ...

  6. Viviana Zelizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviana_Zelizer

    Robert K. Merton. Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer (born January 19, 1946) is an Argentinian sociologist and the Lloyd Cotsen '50 Professor of Sociology at Princeton University. She is an economic sociologist who focuses on the attribution of cultural and moral meaning to the economy. A constant theme in her work is the economic valuation of the ...

  7. Karl Polanyi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Polanyi

    v. t. e. Karl Paul Polanyi (/ poʊˈlænji /; Hungarian: Polányi Károly [ˈpolaːɲi ˈkaːroj]; 25 October 1886 – 23 April 1964) [1] was an Austro-Hungarian economic anthropologist, economic sociologist, and politician, [2] best known for his book The Great Transformation, which questions the conceptual validity of self-regulating markets ...

  8. Counter-economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-economics

    The Counter-Economy is the sum of all non-aggressive Human Action which is forbidden by the State. Counter-economics is the study of the Counter-Economy and its practices. The Counter-Economy includes the free market, the Black Market, the "underground economy," all acts of civil and social disobedience, all acts of forbidden association ...

  9. Gabriel Tarde - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Tarde

    Gabriel Tarde. Gabriel Tarde (French: [taʁd]; in full Jean-Gabriel De Tarde; [1] 12 March 1843 – 13 May 1904) was a French sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist who conceived sociology as based on small psychological interactions among individuals (much as if it were chemistry), the fundamental forces being imitation and innovation.