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Learn about the history and dating of the Quran, the Islamic holy book, based on the evidence of early manuscripts. See examples of Hijazi and Kufic scripts, and the Birmingham Quran manuscript, the oldest Quranic fragment dated to 568-645 CE.
A fragment of the oldest surviving copy of the Quran, dated to between 568 and 645 CE, held by the University of Birmingham. It contains parts of Surahs 19 to 20 in Hijazi script and has some variants from the standard text.
The Sanaa manuscript is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence, written on parchment and containing two layers of text. The upper text conforms to the standard Uthmanic Quran, while the lower text has many variations and a different order of chapters.
Learn about the origin, transmission, and canonization of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, from the revelation to Muhammad to the emergence of written copies. Explore the etymology, content, divisions, and characteristics of the Quran, as well as its role in Islam and Quranic studies.
A 8th or 9th century manuscript Quran in the Kufic script, possibly related to the Uthman Quran commissioned by the third caliph. It was taken by Tamerlane to Samarkand and is now in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Page from the Topkapi manuscript with heading for the chapter Ad-Dhuha. The Topkapı manuscript or Topkapı Quran (Also known as Topkapı Qurʾān Manuscript H.S. 32 or Topkapı H.S. 32) [1] is an early manuscript of the Quran dated to the middle 2nd century AH (mid 8th century AD). [2] This manuscript is kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum ...
The Codex Parisino-Petropolitanus (CPP) is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Quran, attributed to the 7th century. The largest part of the fragmentary manuscript are held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, as BnF Arabe 328(ab), with 70 folia. Another 46 folia are kept in the National Library of Russia in Saint-Petersburg.
The page gives a timeline of the various events related to the Quran according to traditional Islamic accounts. It also mentions some modern scientific methods and references for reconstructing the order of revelation of the Quranic verses.