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  2. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...

  3. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a matrix ( pl.: matrices) is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or a property of such an object. For example, is a matrix with two rows and three columns. This is often referred to as a "two by three matrix", a " matrix ...

  4. Calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus

    In mathematics education, calculus denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis, which are mainly devoted to the study of functions and limits. The word calculus is Latin for "small pebble" (the diminutive of calx, meaning "stone"), a meaning which still persists in medicine. Because such pebbles were used for counting out distances, [5 ...

  5. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, [1] algebra, [2] geometry, [1] and analysis, [3 ...

  6. Jacobian matrix and determinant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian_matrix_and...

    The linear map h → J(x) ⋅ h is known as the derivative or the differential of f at x . When m = n, the Jacobian matrix is square, so its determinant is a well-defined function of x, known as the Jacobian determinant of f. It carries important information about the local behavior of f.

  7. Laplace transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_transform

    Laplace transform. In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace ( / ləˈplɑːs / ), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain, or s-plane ).

  8. Derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

    The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function 's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear ...

  9. Dot product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_product

    Dot product. In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors ), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used. It is often called the inner product (or ...