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Message authentication code. In cryptography, a message authentication code ( MAC ), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity -checking a message. In other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity).
The sub-optimal decoding techniques view each parity check that makes up the LDPC as an independent single parity check (SPC) code. Each SPC code is decoded separately using soft-in-soft-out (SISO) techniques such as SOVA, BCJR, MAP, and other derivates thereof. The soft decision information from each SISO decoding is cross-checked and updated ...
A check or check mark ( American English ), checkmark ( Philippine English ), tickmark ( Indian English) or tick ( Australian, New Zealand and British English) is a mark ( , , etc.) used in many countries, including the English-speaking world, to indicate the concept "yes" (e.g. "yes; this has been verified", "yes; that is the correct answer ...
115 03 Praha 1. On postal items being sent from abroad it is recommended to prepend the postal code with the ISO 3166-1 two-letter code of the country and a dash: Na Příkopě 28. CZ-115 03 Praha 1. the Czech Republic. On envelopes and postcards there are usually five rectangular boxes below the address field for the postal code digits.
v. t. e. Wire transfer, bank transfer, or credit transfer, is a method of electronic funds transfer from one person or entity to another. A wire transfer can be made from one bank account to another bank account, or through a transfer of cash at a cash office. Different wire transfer systems and operators provide a variety of options relative ...
A 1974 postage stamp encouraging people to use the ZIP Code on letters and parcels. A ZIP Code (an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan [1]) is a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS). The term ZIP was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly [2] ( zipping along) when senders use the ...
The code can also be constructed as the quadratic residue code of length 11 over the finite field F 3 (i.e., the Galois Field GF(3)). Used in a football pool with 11 games, the ternary Golay code corresponds to 729 bets and guarantees exactly one bet with at most 2 wrong outcomes. The set of codewords with Hamming weight 5 is a 3-(11,5,4) design.
Outsourcing is a business practice in which companies use external providers to carry out business processes that would otherwise be handled internally, or in-house. ...