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In molecular biology, a two-component regulatory system serves as a basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions. [1] Two-component systems typically consist of a membrane -bound histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental stimulus, and a ...
EnvZ/OmpR is a two-component regulatory system widely distributed in bacteria and particularly well characterized in Escherichia coli. Its function is in osmoregulation, responding to changes in environmental osmolality by regulating the expression of the outer membrane porins OmpF and OmpC. EnvZ is a histidine kinase which also possesses a ...
From PDB: 3CHY . In molecular biology, a response regulator is a protein that mediates a cell 's response to changes in its environment as part of a two-component regulatory system. Response regulators are coupled to specific histidine kinases which serve as sensors of environmental changes.
The KdpD/KdpE two-component system is a regulatory system involved in controlling potassium transport and intracellular osmolarity of pathogenic bacteria. It plays an important role in potassium transport for osmoregulation of bacteria.
Ethylene can bind to at least five different membrane receptors. Although structurally diverse, the ethylene receptors all exhibit similarity to two-component regulatory system in bacteria, indicating their common ancestry from bacterial ancestor. Ethylene binds to the receptors on the cell membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The expression of many Bordetella adhesins and toxins is controlled by the two-component regulatory system BvgAS. Much of what is known about this regulatory system is based on work with B. bronchiseptica, but BvgAS is present in B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica and is responsible for phase variation or phenotypic modulation.
The Arc system is a two-component system found in some bacteria that regulates gene expression in faculatative anaerobes such as Escheria coli. [1] Two-component system means that it has a sensor molecule and a response regulator. Arc is an abbreviation for Anoxic Redox Control system. Arc systems are instrumental in maintaining energy ...
Following secretion, peptide autoinducers accumulate in extracellular environments. Once a threshold level of signal is reached, a histidine sensor kinase protein of a two-component regulatory system detects it and a signal is relayed into the cell. As with AHLs, the signal ultimately ends up altering gene expression.