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Meltwater is water that melts off of glaciers or snow. It then flows into a river or collects on the surface forming a melt pond, which may re-freeze. It may also collect under ice or frozen ground. Meltwater provides drinking water for a large proportion of the world's population, as well as providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric ...
Density ( volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume ...
Cabbeling is when two separate water parcels mix to form a third which sinks below both parents. The combined water parcel is denser than the original two water parcels. The two parent water parcels may have the same density, but they have different properties; for instance, different salinities and temperatures. [1]
Salinity ( / səˈlɪnɪti /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity ). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the ...
Broken pieces of Arctic sea ice with a snow cover. Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans. [1] [2] [3] Much of the world's sea ice is ...
The density of ice is 0.9167 –0.9168 g/cm 3 at 0 °C and standard atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa), whereas water has a density of 0.9998 –0.999863 g/cm 3 at the same temperature and pressure. Liquid water is densest, essentially 1.00 g/cm 3 , at 4 °C and begins to lose its density as the water molecules begin to form the hexagonal ...
The pycnocline is the transitory region between a surface layer of water (warmer and less dense) and deeper layer of water (colder and more dense). Mixing occurs across the pycnocline, driven primarily by waves and shear. A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient ( ∂ ρ ∂ z) is greatest within a body of water.
Density gradient. Density gradient is a spatial variation in density over an area. The term is used in the natural sciences to describe varying density of matter, but can apply to any quantity whose density can be measured. [1] [2]
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