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High-frequency direction finding. High-frequency direction finding, usually known by its abbreviation HF/DF or nickname huff-duff, is a type of radio direction finder (RDF) introduced in World War II. High frequency (HF) refers to a radio band that can effectively communicate over long distances; for example, between U-boats and their land ...
Direction finding antenna near the city of Lucerne, Switzerland. Direction finding ( DF ), or radio direction finding ( RDF ), is the use of radio waves to determine the direction to a radio source. The source may be a cooperating radio transmitter or may be an inadvertant source, a naturally-occurring radio source, or an illicit or enemy system.
Doppler radio direction finding, also known as Doppler DF, is a radio direction finding method that generates accurate bearing information with a minimum of electronics. It is best suited to VHF and UHF frequencies and takes only a short time to indicate a direction. This makes it suitable for measuring the location of the vast majority of ...
A circularly disposed antenna array (CDAA), sometimes referred to as a circularly disposed dipole array (CDDA) or a wullenweber, [1] is a large circular antenna array used for radio direction finding. They are used by military and government agencies to triangulate radio signals for radio navigation, intelligence gathering, search and rescue ...
Maxwell K. Goldstein (January 15, 1908 – February 18, 1980) was a first generation Jewish-American scientist and engineer who was instrumental in the development and deployment of high-frequency direction finding by the United States Navy during the Second World War. High-frequency direction finding (known as huff-duff or HF/DF) played a ...
AN/FLR-9. AN/FLR-9 in Elmendorf, Alaska c. 1964. The AN/FLR-9 is a type of very large circularly disposed antenna array, built at eight locations during the cold war for HF/DF direction finding of high priority targets. The worldwide network, known collectively as "Iron Horse", could locate HF communications almost anywhere on Earth.
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard [1] published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the ...
Wacław Struszyński ( Polish: [ˈvat͡swaf struˈʂɨj̃skʲi]; 1904–1980) was a Polish electronics engineer who made a vital contribution to the defeat of U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic. He designed an exceptional radio antenna which enabled effective high frequency (HF) radio direction finding systems to be installed on Royal Navy ...