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  2. Spikenard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spikenard

    Spikenard. Spikenard, also called nard, nardin, and muskroot, is a class of aromatic amber-colored essential oil derived from Nardostachys jatamansi, a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family which grows in the Himalayas of Nepal, China, and India. The oil has been used over centuries as a perfume, a traditional medicine, or in religious ...

  3. Propane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane

    Propane is used as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking. Propane is the primary fuel for hot-air balloons. It is used in semiconductor manufacture to deposit silicon carbide. Propane is commonly used in theme parks and in movie production as an inexpensive, high-energy fuel for explosions and other special ...

  4. MAPP gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPP_gas

    A set of MAPP and oxygen cylinders is used for oxy-fuel welding and cutting. MAPP gas was a trademarked name, belonging to The Linde Group, a division of the former global chemical giant Union Carbide, for a fuel gas based on a stabilized mixture of methylacetylene (propyne), propadiene and propane. The name comes from the original chemical ...

  5. AGA cooker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGA_cooker

    The cast-iron parts were cast at the Coalbrookdale foundry in the 1940s, where they were still made by the Aga Rangemaster Group until November 2017, when the new American owners Middleby closed the site with the loss of 35 jobs. Energy use. A small, traditional "always on" two-oven model running on gas will use approximately 425kWh per week.

  6. Types of plant oils - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils

    There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: Vegetable fats and oils were historically extracted by putting part of the plant under pressure, squeezing out the oil. Macerated oils consist of a base oil to which parts of plants are ...

  7. History of the petroleum industry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum...

    Coal oil Oil field in California, 1938. The modern history of petroleum began in the 19th century with the refining of paraffin from crude oil. The Scottish chemist James Young in 1847 noticed a natural petroleum seepage in the Riddings colliery at Alfreton, Derbyshire from which he distilled a light thin oil suitable for use as lamp oil, at the same time obtaining a thicker oil suitable for ...

  8. Neatsfoot oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neatsfoot_oil

    Neatsfoot oil is a yellow oil rendered and purified from the shin bones and feet (but not the hooves) of cattle. "Neat" in the oil's name comes from an Old English word for cattle. [1] Neatsfoot oil is used as a conditioning, softening and preservative agent for leather. In the 18th century, it was also used medicinally as a topical application ...

  9. Oil refinery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery

    Oil refinery. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha.