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  2. Population density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density

    Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 [3 ...

  3. Urban density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_density

    Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is considered an important factor in understanding how cities function. Research related to urban density occurs across ...

  4. Settlement hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_hierarchy

    At this density, the settlement's population, spheres of influence, and gross domestic product tends to exceed that of most countries with lesser density. The need for administrative divisions , public transportation , public infrastructure and other government public services is critically essential for the sustainable growth and continued ...

  5. Population ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_ecology

    It is important to understand the difference between density-independent factors when selecting the intrinsic rate [find another article relating to the intrinsic rate] and density-dependent when selection the carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is only found during a density-dependent population.

  6. Population dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_dynamics

    Population dynamics has traditionally been the dominant branch of mathematical biology, which has a history of more than 220 years, [1] although over the last century the scope of mathematical biology has greatly expanded. [citation needed] The beginning of population dynamics is widely regarded as the work of Malthus, formulated as the ...

  7. Population inversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_inversion

    A population inversion (N 2 > N 1) has thus been achieved between level 1 and 2, and optical amplification at the frequency ν 21 can be obtained. Because at least half the population of atoms must be excited from the ground state to obtain a population inversion, the laser medium must be very strongly pumped.

  8. Abundance (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_(ecology)

    Abundance (ecology) Effects of herbivore abundance in seagrass meadows. In ecology, local abundance is the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem. [1] It is usually measured as the number of individuals found per sample. The ratio of abundance of one species to one or multiple other species living in an ecosystem is ...

  9. Demography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography

    The Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017. Demography (from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos) 'people, society', and -γραφία (-graphía) 'writing, drawing, description') is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay ...