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A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function ), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...
Definition. A random variable is a measurable function from a sample space as a set of possible outcomes to a measurable space . The technical axiomatic definition requires the sample space to be a sample space of a probability triple (see the measure-theoretic definition ). A random variable is often denoted by capital Roman letters such as .
A control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation. Control variables could strongly influence experimental results were they not held constant during the experiment in order to test the relative relationship ...
Exogenous and endogenous variables. In an economic model, an exogenous variable is one whose measure is determined outside the model and is imposed on the model, and an exogenous change is a change in an exogenous variable. [1] : p. 8 [2] : p. 202 [3] : p. 8 In contrast, an endogenous variable is a variable whose measure is determined by the model.
Multivariate analysis of covariance. Multivariate analysis of covariance ( MANCOVA) is an extension of analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA) methods to cover cases where there is more than one dependent variable and where the control of concomitant continuous independent variables – covariates – is required. The most prominent benefit of the ...
Variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value. It is the second central moment of a distribution, and the covariance of the random variable with itself, and it is often represented by , , , , or . [1]
Variable (mathematics) In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol that represents a mathematical object. A variable may represent a number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, or an element of a set. [1]
Omitted-variable bias. In statistics, omitted-variable bias ( OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing the effect of the missing variables to those that were included. More specifically, OVB is the bias that appears in the estimates of parameters in a regression ...