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Hindi. Modern Standard Hindi ( Hindi: आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, romanized : Ādhunik Mānak Hindī ), [14] commonly referred to as Hindi (Hindi: हिन्दी, [a] Hindī ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in North India, and serves as the lingua franca of the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of ...
Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, romanized : hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad ...
Chhayavad ( Hindi: छायावाद) (approximated in English as "Romanticism", literally "Shaded") refers to the era of Neo-romanticism in Hindi literature, particularly Hindi poetry, 1922–1938, [1] and was marked by an increase of romantic and humanist content. Chhayavad was marked by a renewed sense of the self and personal expression ...
Panchatantra: Smart, The Jackal Book 1: The Loss of Friends Translator: Arthur William Ryder The Panchatantra is a series of inter-woven fables, many of which deploy metaphors of anthropomorphized animals with human virtues and vices. Its narrative illustrates, for the benefit of three ignorant princes, the central Hindu principles of nīti. While nīti is hard to translate, it roughly means ...
Sutra. Sutra ( Sanskrit: सूत्र, romanized : sūtra, lit. 'string, thread') [1] in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text. Sutras are a genre of ancient and medieval Indian texts found in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
Katha (storytelling format) Katha (or Kathya) is an Indian style of religious storytelling, performances of which are a ritual event in Hinduism. It often involves priest -narrators ( kathavachak or vyas) who recite stories from Hindu religious texts, such as the Puranas, the Ramayana or Bhagavata Purana, followed by a commentary ( Pravachan ).
A novel is a long fictional narrative, usually written in prose. In English, the term emerged from the Romance languages in the late 15th century, with the meaning of "news"; it came to indicate something new, without a distinction between fact or fiction. The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.
Kabir (1398–1518 CE) [1] : 14–15 was a well-known Indian mystic poet and saint. His verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib, the Satguru Granth Sahib of Saint Garib Das, [2] and Kabir Sagar of Dharamdas. [3] [4] [5] Today, Kabir is an important figure in Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam, especially in Sufism.