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  2. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    meiosis. produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as in the parent. mitosis. produces two genetically identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as in the parent. Meiosis begins with a diploid cell, which contains two copies of each chromosome, termed homologs.

  3. Bar Kokhba hiding complexes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_hiding_complexes

    Inside the system one human skeleton and a coin from year 3 of the Bar Kokhba revolt was found. In the Yattir area, a blocked refuge system was discovered, containing several skeletons of elderly, women and children, trapped apparently by the Romans. [citation needed] Conclusion

  4. Aristotle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle

    Aristotle's analysis of procreation describes an active, ensouling masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive female element. The biological differences are a result of the fact that the female body is well-suited for reproduction, which changes her body temperature, which in turn makes her, in Aristotle's view, incapable of ...

  5. John Dalton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton

    The main points of Dalton's atomic theory, as it eventually developed, are: Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass and other properties. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed.

  6. Banach–Tarski paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach–Tarski_paradox

    The Banach–Tarski paradox is a theorem in set-theoretic geometry, which states the following: Given a solid ball in three-dimensional space, there exists a decomposition of the ball into a finite number of disjoint subsets, which can then be put back together in a different way to yield two identical copies of the original ball.

  7. Sampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

    Sampling (statistics) In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole population and statisticians ...

  8. Ramsey theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_theory

    Ramsey theory. Ramsey theory, named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of the mathematical field of combinatorics that focuses on the appearance of order in a substructure given a structure of a known size. Problems in Ramsey theory typically ask a question of the form: "how big must some structure be ...

  9. Central limit theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_limit_theorem

    The theorem is a key concept in probability theory because it implies that probabilistic and statistical methods that work for normal distributions can be applicable to many problems involving other types of distributions. This theorem has seen many changes during the formal development of probability theory.