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The Catholic Church, the largest Christian denomination, is an example of an organized religion. Organized religion, also known as institutional religion, is religion in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally established, typically by an official doctrine (or dogma ), a hierarchical or bureaucratic leadership ...
Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local group of centralized enterprises run to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for profit. While organized crime is generally thought of as a form of illegal business, some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, rebel forces, and separatists, are politically motivated.
Omertà : to take a vow of silence in the Mafia, punishable by death if not upheld. one-way ride or taking someone for a ride: underworld for an execution method. outfit: a clan, or family within the Mafia. old country: refers to Italy when used by members of the American Mafia. painting houses: murdering someone.
Transnational organized crime ( TOC) is organized crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups or markets of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute illegal business ventures. [1] In order to achieve their goals, these criminal groups use systematic violence and corruption.
Hierarchical organization. A hierarchical organization or hierarchical organisation (see spelling differences) is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity. [1] This arrangement is a form of hierarchy. In an organization, this hierarchy usually consists of a singular ...
Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. [1] The term is commonly used in the law enforcement and academic communities. Transnational organized crime (TOC) refers specifically to transnational crime ...
Mertonian norms. In 1942, Robert K. Merton described four aspects of science that later came to be called Mertonian norms: "four sets of institutional imperatives taken to comprise the ethos of modern science... communism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism". [1] The subsequent portion of his book, The Sociology of ...
List (abstract data type) In computer science, a list or sequence is an abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once. An instance of a list is a computer representation of the mathematical concept of a tuple or finite sequence; the (potentially) infinite analog of a list is ...