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The mineral marcasite, sometimes called " white iron pyrite ", is iron sulfide (FeS 2) with orthorhombic crystal structure. It is physically and crystallographically distinct from pyrite, which is iron sulfide with cubic crystal structure. Both structures contain the disulfide S 22− ion, having a short bonding distance between the sulfur atoms.
Sunstone. Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway, Sweden, various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of South Australia.
Moissanite ( / ˈmɔɪsəˌnaɪt /) [5] is naturally occurring silicon carbide and its various crystalline polymorphs. It has the chemical formula SiC and is a rare mineral, discovered by the French chemist Henri Moissan in 1893. Silicon carbide or moissanite is useful for commercial and industrial applications due to its hardness, optical ...
Pyrite is the most common of sulfide minerals and is widespread in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is a common accessory mineral in igneous rocks, where it also occasionally occurs as larger masses arising from an immiscible sulfide phase in the original magma. It is found in metamorphic rocks as a product of contact metamorphism.
Peridot ( / ˈpɛrɪˌdɒt, - ˌdoʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -doh ), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellowish-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color. Peridot can be found in mafic and ultramafic rocks occurring in lava and peridotite xenoliths of the mantle.
Olivine. The mineral olivine ( / ˈɒl.ɪˌviːn /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula ( Mg, Fe)2 Si O 4. It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Occasionally some individual crystals (phenocrysts) are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic texture is known as a granite porphyry. Granitoid is a general, descriptive field term for lighter-colored, coarse-grained igneous rocks.
Zircon ( / ˈzɜːrkɒn, - kən /) [7] [8] [9] is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium (IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO 4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr 1–y, REE y ) (SiO 4) 1–x ...
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