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  2. Password strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

    Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to guess it correctly. The strength of a password is a function of length, complexity, and unpredictability.

  3. List of the most common passwords - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_common...

    Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year. In the 2016 edition, the 25 most common passwords made up more than 10% of the surveyed passwords, with the most common password of 2016, "123456", making up 4%. [5]

  4. Wikipedia:10,000 most common passwords - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:10,000_most...

    About. If your password is on this list of 10,000 most common passwords, you need a new password. A hacker can use or generate files like this, which may readily be compiled from breaches of sites such as Ashley Madison. Usually passwords are not tried one-by-one against a system's secure server online; instead a hacker might manage to gain ...

  5. Microsoft Office password protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password...

    A password to encrypt a document restricts opening and viewing it. This is possible in all Microsoft Office applications. Since Office 2007, they are hard to break if a sufficiently complex password was chosen. [citation needed] If the password can be determined through social engineering, the underlying cipher is not important.

  6. L0phtCrack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0phtCrack

    L0phtCrack. L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery application originally produced by Mudge from L0pht Heavy Industries. It is used to test password strength and sometimes to recover lost Microsoft Windows passwords, by using dictionary, brute-force, hybrid attacks, and rainbow tables. [3] The initial version was released in the Spring ...

  7. Password - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password

    Password. A password, sometimes called a passcode, is secret data, typically a string of characters, usually used to confirm a user's identity. Traditionally, passwords were expected to be memorized, [1] but the large number of password-protected services that a typical individual accesses can make memorization of unique passwords for each ...

  8. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

    A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...

  9. MD5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5

    The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128- bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as ...

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