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The telephone played a major communications role in American history from the 1876 publication of its first patent by Alexander Graham Bell onward. In the 20th century, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) dominated the telecommunication market as the at times largest company in the world, until it was broken up and replaced by a system of competitors.
A telephone exchange provides telephone service for a small area. Either manually by operators, or automatically by machine switching equipment, it interconnects individual subscriber lines for calls made between them. This made it possible for subscribers to call each other at homes, businesses, or public spaces.
8 December 1929: Opening of commercial ship-to-shore telephone service. 3 April 1930: Opening of transoceanic telephone service to Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay and subsequently to all other South American countries. 1931: The Ericsson DBH 1001 telephone was the first telephone without a separate ringer box.
Plain old telephone service. Plain Old Telephone Service ( POTS ), or Plain Ordinary Telephone System, [1] is a retronym for voice-grade telephone service employing analog signal transmission over copper loops. Originally POTS stood for Post Office Telephone Service as early phone lines in most parts of the world were operated directly by the ...
PSTN network topology is the switching network topology of a telephone network connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).. In the United States and Canada, the Bell System network topology was the switching system hierarchy implemented and operated from c. 1930 to the 1980s for the purpose of integrating the diverse array of local telephone companies and telephone numbering ...
Public switched telephone network. The public switched telephone network ( PSTN) is the aggregate of the world's telephone networks that are operated by national, regional, or local telephony operators. It provides infrastructure and services for public telephony. The PSTN consists of telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, microwave transmission ...
A public service or service of general (economic) interest is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. [1] [2] Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies or via public financing to private businesses or ...
Telephone exchange. A telephone operator manually connecting calls with cord pairs at a telephone switchboard. A modern central office, equipped with voice communication and broadband data capabilities. A telephone exchange, also known as a telephone switch or central office, is a crucial component in the public switched telephone network (PSTN ...