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The Large Hadron Collider ( LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. [1] [2] It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. [3]
Dates of operation. 1966–2006. Succeeded by. LCLS. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, originally named the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, [2] [3] is a federally funded research and development center in Menlo Park, California, United States. Founded in 1962, the laboratory is now sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and ...
Accelerator-driven subcritical reactor. An accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is a nuclear reactor design formed by coupling a substantially subcritical nuclear reactor core with a high-energy proton or electron accelerator. It could use thorium as a fuel, which is more abundant than uranium. [1]
Energy amplifier. In nuclear physics, an energy amplifier is a novel type of nuclear power reactor, a subcritical reactor, in which an energetic particle beam is used to stimulate a reaction, which in turn releases enough energy to power the particle accelerator and leave an energy profit for power generation. The concept has more recently been ...
Here the plasma accelerator science provides the breakthrough to generate, sustain, and exploit the highest fields ever produced by science in the laboratory. Wake created by an electron beam in a plasma. The acceleration gradient produced by a plasma wake is in the order of the wave breaking field, which is.
Fermitron was an accelerator sketched by Enrico Fermi on a notepad in the 1940s proposing an accelerator in stable orbit around the Earth. The undulator radiation collider is a design for an accelerator with a center-of-mass energy around the GUT scale. It would be light-weeks across and require the construction of a Dyson swarm around the Sun.
The Superconducting Super Collider ( SSC) (also nicknamed the "Desertron" [2]) was a particle accelerator complex under construction in the vicinity of Waxahachie, Texas, United States. Its planned ring circumference was 87.1 kilometers (54.1 mi) with an energy of 20 TeV per proton and was designed to be the world's largest and most energetic ...
Precious metals occurring as fission products. Ruthenium and rhodium are precious metals produced as a small percentage of the fission products from the nuclear fission of uranium. The longest half-lives of the radioisotopes of these elements generated by nuclear fission are 373.59 days for ruthenium and 45 days for rhodium [clarification needed].
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