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  2. Absolute (perfumery) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_(perfumery)

    Absolute (perfumery) Used in perfumery and aromatherapy, absolutes are similar to essential oils. They are concentrated, highly aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants. Whereas essential oils are produced by distillation, boiling, or pressing, absolutes are produced through solvent extraction, or more traditionally, through enfleurage .

  3. Sum of absolute transformed differences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_absolute...

    The sum of absolute transformed differences ( SATD) is a block matching criterion widely used in fractional motion estimation for video compression. It works by taking a frequency transform, usually a Hadamard transform, of the differences between the pixels in the original block and the corresponding pixels in the block being used for comparison.

  4. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    In computing, a roundoff error, [1] also called rounding error, [2] is the difference between the result produced by a given algorithm using exact arithmetic and the result produced by the same algorithm using finite-precision, rounded arithmetic. [3]

  5. Geography of Indonesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia

    Overview. Indonesia is an archipelagic country extending about 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south. [3] It is considered to be the largest archipelagic country in the world. According to a geospatial survey conducted between 2007 and 2010 by National Coordinating Agency for Survey ...

  6. Constitutional monarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy

    Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. [1] [2] [3] Constitutional monarchies differ from absolute monarchies (in which a monarch is the only ...

  7. Immutable object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immutable_object

    Immutable object. In object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable [1] object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. [2] This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. [3] In some cases, an object is considered immutable even ...

  8. Chronological dating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_dating

    Chronological dating, or simply dating, is the process of attributing to an object or event a date in the past, allowing such object or event to be located in a previously established chronology. This usually requires what is commonly known as a "dating method". Several dating methods exist, depending on different criteria and techniques, and ...

  9. Absolute magnitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude

    The absolute magnitude can be used to calculate the apparent magnitude of a body. For an object reflecting sunlight, and are connected by the relation. where is the phase angle, the angle between the body-Sun and body–observer lines. is the phase integral (the integration of reflected light; a number in the 0 to 1 range). [13]