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Library Genesis (LibGen) is a file-sharing based shadow library website for scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines. The site enables free access to content that is otherwise paywalled or not digitized elsewhere. [1]
Z-Library (abbreviated as z-lib, formerly BookFinder) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic texts and general-interest books. It began as a mirror of Library Genesis , but has since expanded dramatically.
History. Anna's Archive was founded by the Pirate Library Mirror, a team of anonymous archivists, in direct response to law enforcement efforts to close down Z-Library in 2022. [1] [3] [7] [10] [11] In October 2023, Anna's Archive was reported to have "scraped" (downloaded the entirety of) WorldCat, the world's largest book metadata database.
Sci-Hub is a shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers, regardless of copyright, [4] by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. [2] [4] [5] [6] Unlike Library Genesis, it does not provide access to books.
Growth of Library Genesis, 2009-2022. One of the goals of shadow libraries is to more readily disseminate academic content, especially papers from academic journals. Academic literature has become increasingly expensive, as costs to access information created by scholars have risen dramatically in recent years, especially the cost of books.
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library was part of a larger research institution called the Mouseion, which was dedicated to the Muses, the nine goddesses of the arts. [10] The idea of a universal library in Alexandria may have been proposed ...
The Nag Hammadi library (also known as the " Chenoboskion Manuscripts" and the "Gnostic Gospels" [a]) is a collection of early Christian and Gnostic texts discovered near the Upper Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945. Thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices buried in a sealed jar were found by a local farmer named Muhammed al-Samman. [1]
Book of Genesis. The Book of Genesis (from Greek Γένεσις, Génesis; Biblical Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית, romanized: Bərēʾšīṯ, lit. 'In [the] beginning'; Latin: Liber Genesis) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. [1] Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, Bereshit ( 'In the beginning' ).