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The seven major classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water. [4] Nutrients can be grouped as either macronutrients or micronutrients (needed in small quantities). Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients, and provide energy. [4] Water and fiber are macronutrients, but do not provide ...
Energy homeostasis. In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow). [1] [2] [3] The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in regulating ...
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. Specifically, it is "a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients" which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Limit intake of fats to no more than 30% of total caloric intake, preferring unsaturated fats to saturated fats. Avoid trans fats. Eat at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables per day (not counting potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, and other starchy roots). A healthy diet also contains legumes (e.g. lentils, beans), whole grains, and nuts.
Nitrogen balance. In human physiology, nitrogen balance is the net difference between bodily nitrogen intake (ingestion) and loss (excretion): Nitrogen is a fundamental chemical component of amino acids, the molecular building blocks of protein. Nitrogen balance may therefore be used as an index of protein metabolism. [1]
Nutritional epidemiology is the scientific basis upon which public health nutrition is built. Nutritional epidemiology aims to deliver knowledge on how to cope with an imbalance between nutrients that causes illness such as anaemia, goitre wasting and stunting. The understanding of the characteristics of exposures require measurement to ...
The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is often a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition.
Unintentional weight loss. Low levels of potassium, phosphate, or magnesium before eating. Alcohol use disorder. Some types of medications [1] : 37–38. Refeeding syndrome is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed ...