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  2. Approximation error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation_error

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate

  3. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    The relative change is independent of the unit of measurement employed; for example, the relative change from 2 to 1 m is −50%, the same as for 200 to 100 cm.The relative change is not defined if the reference value (v ref) is zero, and gives negative values for positive increases if v ref is negative, hence it is not usually defined for negative reference values either.

  4. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    where represents the standard deviation of the function , represents the standard deviation of , represents the standard deviation of , and so forth.. It is important to note that this formula is based on the linear characteristics of the gradient of and therefore it is a good estimation for the standard deviation of as long as ,,, … are small enough.

  5. Dixon's Q test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixon's_Q_test

    In statistics, Dixon's Q test, or simply the Q test, is used for identification and rejection of outliers. This assumes normal distribution and per Robert Dean and Wilfrid Dixon, and others, this test should be used sparingly and never more than once in a data set. To apply a Q test for bad data, arrange the data in order of increasing values ...

  6. Symmetric mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_mean_absolute...

    (200% for the first formula and 100% for the second formula). Provided the data are strictly positive, a better measure of relative accuracy can be obtained based on the log of the accuracy ratio: log( F t / A t ) This measure is easier to analyse statistically, and has valuable symmetry and unbiasedness properties.

  7. Detection limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_limit

    Significance in analytical chemistry. In analytical chemistry, the detection limit, lower limit of detection, also termed LOD for limit of detection or analytical sensitivity (not to be confused with statistical sensitivity), is the lowest quantity of a substance that can be distinguished from the absence of that substance (a blank value) with a stated confidence level (generally 99%).

  8. Accuracy and precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision

    Accuracy is how close a given set of measurements ( observations or readings) are to their true value . Precision is how close the measurements are to each other. In other words: Precision is a description of random errors (a measure of statistical variability ). Accuracy has two definitions, per ISO: [1]

  9. Mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_absolute_percentage_error

    Confusingly, sometimes when people refer to wMAPE they are talking about a different model in which the numerator and denominator of the wMAPE formula above are weighted again by another set of custom weights .

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