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2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...

3. Ophcrack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophcrack

   Ophcrack is a free open-source (GPL licensed) program that cracks Windows log-in passwords by using LM hashes through rainbow tables.The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows, and can be run via the command line or using the program’s GUI (Graphical user interface).

4. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   www.openwall.com /john /. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking ...

5. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   It also bundled Crack v6 - a minimalist password cracker and Crack v7 - a brute force password cracker. Legal issues arising from using Crack. Randal L. Schwartz, a notable Perl programming expert, in 1995 was prosecuted for using Crack on the password file of a system at Intel, a case the verdict of which was eventually expunged.

6. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [2] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...

7. Hydra (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)

   Hydra (software) Hydra (or THC Hydra) is a parallelized network login cracker built in various operating systems like Kali Linux, Parrot and other major penetration testing environments. [2] Hydra works by using different approaches to perform brute-force attacks in order to guess the right username and password combination.