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  2. Trial and error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_and_error

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  3. Social learning in animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_in_animals

    Social learning refers to learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products. [1] Social learning has been observed in a variety of animal taxa, [2] [3] such as insects, [4] fish, [5] birds, [6] reptiles, amphibians [7] and mammals (including primates [8] ).

  4. Social learning theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_theory

    Social learning theory. A social behavior theory which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. Albert Bandura [1] is known for studying this theory. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in ...

  5. Reinforcement learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learning

    Reinforcement learning ( RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent ought to take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize the cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and ...

  6. Observational learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_learning

    Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with ...

  7. Sultan (chimpanzee) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_(chimpanzee)

    Sultan, one of the brightest of the early chimpanzees used for psychological research, was tested by Gestalt psychologist Wolfgang Köhler. Sultan is particularly recognized for his insight in solving numerous problems, including stacking or manipulating boxes to reach a reward and use of two sticks as a unit to rake food to a reachable ...

  8. Edwin Ray Guthrie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Ray_Guthrie

    23 April 1959. (1959-04-23) (aged 73) Seattle, Washington. Known for. One Trial Theory. Edwin Ray Guthrie ( / ˈɡʌθri /; January 9, 1886 – April 23, 1969) was a behavioral psychologist who began his career as a mathematics teacher and philosopher. But, he became a psychologist at the age of 33. He spent most of his career at the University ...

  9. Edisonian approach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edisonian_approach

    Inventor Nikola Tesla is quoted as saying "[Edison's] method was inefficient in the extreme, for an immense ground had to be covered to get anything at all unless blind chance intervened and, at first, I was almost a sorry witness of his doings, knowing that just a little theory and calculation would have saved him 90 percent of the labour ...