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t. e. Ibn Sina ( Arabic: اِبْن سِینَا, romanized : Ibn Sīnā; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( / ˌævɪˈsɛnə, ˌɑːvɪ -/ ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, [4] [5] flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. [6]
t. e. Ilm al-kalam [a] or ilm al-lahut, [b] often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or philosophical study of Islamic theology ( aqida ). [2] It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith ( usul al-din ), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them. [3]
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, whose full name was Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Ḥusayn ( Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن الحسين ), was born in 1149 or 1150 CE (543 or 544 AH) in Ray (close to modern Tehran ), whence his nisba al-Razi. [12] According to Ibn al-Shaʿʿār al-Mawṣilī (died 1256), one of ...
t. e. The Proof of the Truthful [1] ( Arabic: برهان الصديقين, romanized : burhān al-ṣiddīqīn, [2] also translated Demonstration of the Truthful [2] or Proof of the Veracious, [3] among others) is a formal argument for proving the existence of God introduced by the Islamic philosopher Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina, 980–1037).
The Canon of Medicine ( Arabic: القانون في الطب, romanized : al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb; Persian: قانون در طب, romanized : Qānun dar Teb; Latin: Canon Medicinae) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Muslim Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna ( ابن سینا, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025. [1] It is ...
Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy ". [2] [3] [4] Al-Kindi was born in Kufa and educated in Baghdad. [5] He became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of Abbasid Caliphs appointed him to oversee the translation of Greek scientific and philosophical ...
Al-Battānī, whose full name was Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī, and whose Latinized name was Albategnius, was born before 858 in Harran in Bilād ash-Shām (Islamic Syria), 44 kilometres (27 mi) southeast of the modern Turkish city of Urfa. He was the son of Jabir ibn ...
Islam. Education has played a central role in Islam since the beginnings of the religion, owing in part to the centrality of scripture and its study in the Islamic tradition. Before the modern era, education would begin at a young age with study of Arabic and the Quran. For the first few centuries of Islam, educational settings were entirely ...