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Generalization is the concept that humans, other animals, and artificial neural networks use past learning in present situations of learning if the conditions in the situations are regarded as similar. [1] The learner uses generalized patterns, principles, and other similarities between past experiences and novel experiences to more efficiently ...
The universal law of generalization is a theory of cognition stating that the probability of a response to one stimulus being generalized to another is a function of the “distance” between the two stimuli in a psychological space. It was introduced in 1987 by Roger N. Shepard, [1] [2] who began researching mechanisms of generalization while ...
Generalizability theory. Generalizability theory, or G theory, is a statistical framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations. It is used to determine the reliability (i.e., reproducibility) of measurements under specific conditions. It is particularly useful for assessing the reliability of performance ...
A generalization is a form of abstraction whereby common properties of specific instances are formulated as general concepts or claims. [1] Generalizations posit the existence of a domain or set of elements, as well as one or more common characteristics shared by those elements (thus creating a conceptual model ).
Although the theory is that the similarity of elements facilitates transfer, there is a challenge in identifying which specific elements had an effect on the learner at the time of learning. [4] Factors that can affect transfer include: [7] Context and degree of original learning: how well the learner acquired the knowledge.
Machine learningand data mining. Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory (also known as VC theory) was developed during 1960–1990 by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis. The theory is a form of computational learning theory, which attempts to explain the learning process from a statistical point of view.
Universal generalization / instantiation. Existential generalization / instantiation. In predicate logic, generalization (also universal generalization, universal introduction, [1][2][3] GEN, UG) is a valid inference rule. It states that if has been derived, then can be derived.
Roger Shepard. Roger Newland Shepard (January 30, 1929 – May 30, 2022 [1]) was an American cognitive scientist and author of the "universal law of generalization" (1987). He was considered a father of research on spatial relations. He studied mental rotation, and was an inventor of non-metric multidimensional scaling, a method for ...