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The law allowed for treaties, use of agents, and ability to distribute goods among Native American tribes. [82] Relations between whites and native peoples became increasingly problematic as Native Americans were pushed west and their land was usurped by whites. [82] Houston was a strong believer in Native Americans' rights. [83]
The 1833 Treaty of Chicago was an agreement between the United States government and the Chippewa, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. It required them to cede to the United States government their 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha) of land (including reservations) in Illinois, the Wisconsin Territory, and the Michigan Territory and to move west of the Mississippi River.
On November 28, 1785, the first Treaty of Hopewell was signed between the U.S. representative Benjamin Hawkins and the Cherokee Indians. In addition to circumscribing a large part of the northern and eastern boundary of the Cherokee Nation not already defined by previous treaties and land cessions, the treaty ceded a wedge of land south of the Cumberland river in north central Tennessee around ...
The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, [note 2] was a conflict initially fought by European colonial empires, United States of America, and briefly the Confederate States of America and Republic of Texas against various American Indian tribes in North America.
Native Americans believed this forced relocation illegal, given the Treaty of Hopewell of 1785. Under President Andrew Jackson, United States Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the President to conduct treaties to exchange Native American land east of the Mississippi River for lands west of the river.
A considerable amount of portraiture made of Native American figures accentuating the medals worn around their neck serves as a testament to their importance. [12] Peace medals assumed a role within many Native ethea akin to earlier worn shell gorgets, associating the wearer of the medal with the individual engraved on its surface. [14]
The Treaty of Bird's Fort, or Bird's Fort Treaty was a peace treaty between the Republic of Texas and some of the Indian tribes of Texas and Oklahoma, signed on September 29, 1843 The treaty was intended to end years of hostilities and warfare between the Native Americans and the white settlers in Texas.
The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218) was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It took effect in February 1815. It took effect in February 1815. Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent , United Netherlands (now in Belgium ).