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Georg Pfotzer (29 November 1909 – 24 July 1981) was a German physicist . He was a student of Erich Regener in the 1930s and worked with Regener to investigate cosmic rays by using balloons to carry scientific instruments such as Geiger counters to the upper atmosphere. [1] The terms Pfotzer curve and Pfotzer maximum, relating to the ...
With great enthusiasm, she was telling everybody about the new projects and techniques that were just emerging in cosmic-ray research. Since Estrella was already working with Geiger counters, she encouraged the few physics majors, including me, to get involved with particle detection using nuclear photographic emulsions. That new technique was ...
Coincidence method. In particle physics, the coincidence method (or coincidence technique) is an experimental design through which particle detectors register two or more simultaneous measurements of a particular event through different interaction channels. Detection can be made by sensing the primary particle and/or through the detection of ...
The first detector type of HEGRA was the array of 1 m 2 scintillation counters which were used to measure the numbers and arrival times of secondary particles in air showers arriving at ground level. More than 250 of these counters were in operation, spread over a 180-by-180 m 2 area. These detectors were operated day and night at any weather.
Not to be confused with Médecins du Monde. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced [medsɛ̃ sɑ̃ fʁɔ̃tjɛʁ] ⓘ), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a charity that provides humanitarian medical care. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected ...
Dark forest hypothesis. The dark forest hypothesis is the conjecture that many alien civilizations exist throughout the universe, but they are both silent and hostile, maintaining their undetectability for fear of being destroyed by another hostile and undetected civilization. [1] It is one of many possible explanations of the Fermi paradox ...
LOPES (telescope) Coordinates: 49°05′57.8″N 8°26′14.7″E. The LOPES project (LOFAR PrototypE Station) was a cosmic ray detector array, located in Karlsruhe, Germany, and is operated in coincidence with an existing, well calibrated air shower experiment called KASCADE. In 2013, after approximately 10 years of measurements, LOPES was ...
A complete Geiger counter, with the Geiger–Müller tube mounted in a cylindrical enclosure connected by a cable to the instrument. The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation. It is named after Hans Geiger, who invented the principle in 1908, [1 ...