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  2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...

  3. Password strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

    Password expiration was previously trying to serve two purposes: [56] If the time to crack a password is estimated to be 100 days, password expiration times fewer than 100 days may help ensure insufficient time for an attacker. If a password has been compromised, requiring it to be changed regularly may limit the access time for the attacker.

  4. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

    When password-guessing, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as the dictionary attack are used because a brute-force search takes too long. Longer passwords, passphrases and keys have more possible values, making them exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones ...

  5. Rainbow table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table

    Rainbow table. A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into the hands of attackers, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to ...

  6. Hydra (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)

    Hydra (software) Hydra (or THC Hydra) is a parallelized network login cracker built in various operating systems like Kali Linux, Parrot and other major penetration testing environments. [2] Hydra works by using different approaches to perform brute-force attacks in order to guess the right username and password combination.

  7. Key stretching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

    Key stretching. In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough ...

  8. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

    It also bundled Crack v6 - a minimalist password cracker and Crack v7 - a brute force password cracker. Legal issues arising from using Crack. Randal L. Schwartz, a notable Perl programming expert, in 1995 was prosecuted for using Crack on the password file of a system at Intel, a case the verdict of which was eventually expunged.

  9. L0phtCrack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0phtCrack

    l0phtcrack. L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery application originally produced by Mudge from L0pht Heavy Industries. It is used to test password strength and sometimes to recover lost Microsoft Windows passwords, by using dictionary, brute-force, hybrid attacks, and rainbow tables. [3] The initial version was released in the Spring ...

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